
By D. Michael Stoddart (auth.), Dietland Müller-Schwarze, Robert M. Silverstein (eds.)
Research on chemical conversation in animals is in a truly energetic and fascinating part; extra species are studied, info are collecting, strategies are altering, and useful program turns out possible. whereas many of the paintings on chemical ecology and chemical sig nals bargains with bugs, vertebrate communique offers an impressive problem and growth has been sluggish. Joint efforts and common direct contacts of ecologists, behaviorists, psychologists, physiologists, histologists and chemists are required. Such an interdisciplinary alternate of data came about at the social gathering of the Symposium on Chemical indications in Vertebrates and Aquatic Animals in Syracuse, ny, from may perhaps 31 to June 2, 1979. a couple of hundred investigators from seven international locations participated, and the papers provided include this quantity. because the first Symposium on Vertebrate Chemical indications at Saratoga Springs in 1976, massive development has been made with box reports, the body structure of the vomeronasal organ, and its function in reproductive habit. The behavioral services and chemi cal nature of priming pheromones are higher understood. Efforts to isolate and determine mammalian pheromones are gaining floor, and the bioassays have gotten extra refined. as well as formal displays, one night of the Symposi um used to be dedicated to round-table discussions of specific themes. the chosen topics point out the "growing issues" of chemical communi cation study: priming pheromones, vomeronasal organ, bioassay, and functional applications.
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When metatarsal secretion is present, about 40% of the approaches result in feeding, while control food samples are eaten in 95 to 100% of the cases (MUller-Schwarze, 1971). The closely related white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has a much smaller metatarsal gland that lacks the strong odor. A cross-species experiment with several different concentrations of metatarsal odors from both species showed that feeding is not inhibited in white-tailed deer by concentrations that are active in black-tailed deer.
Ecology 54: 13-40. Tembrock, G. 1957. ) unter besonderer BerUcksichtigung der Fortpflanzung. Der Zoologische Garten 23: 289-532. Tinbergen, N. 1965. ). Z. Tierspychol. 22: 119-149. , Novotny, M. and Carmack, M. (In press). ) by synthetic urinary constituents. J. Chem. Ecol. The author would like to thank M. Henry and D. Hamer for their helpful reviews of this study. C. K. R. W. Jorgenson 2 , M. Novotny , and M. Carmack 1 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 2Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401 Communication through the olfactory sense in wild canids may convey information relating to several variables including food, territory, dominance, pairbonding, individual or group recognition, and reproductive state.
A) Male; (b) female. The constituents are identified by number in Table 1. , 1978). Copyright 1978 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. 32 M. C. WILSON ET AL. Table 1. , 1978). Copyright 1978 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Peak No. Mol. Wt. , 1979). These trails were placed in two areas on Mt. Desert Island, Maine known to be frequented by red foxes. The first area was a pond of about 10 hectares surrounded mainly by coniferous forest. The second area was 13 KID.